• Excellent fluidity in water requiring minimal energy for mixing.
• PVA gel has a network of minute pores about 20 microns in diameter tunneling throughout each bead.
  

  • Effective bacteria can be enriched in large numbers in the protective core of the beads, thus
    greatly reducing sloughing of biomass
  • while maintaining stable treatment efficiencies.
    Good oxygen permeability can support a high loading.
    Therefore even with a low filling ratio PVA gel has high treatment power.
    【Load】
    Up to 50 kg・BOD/㎥・gel・d (BOD removal)
    6 kg・N/㎥・gel・d (nitrogen removal)
• Treatment with PVA gel yields less excess sludge as compared to conventional biological methods.
• PVA gel has a very high water content due to its extensive porosity, thus allowing for favorable permeability of oxygen and nutrients to the bacteria colonized inside the beads.
• Polymerized PVA gel is essentially insoluble in water and is not know to be biodegradable.
• Depending on the characteristics of the wastewater, treatment ability using PVA gel can be enhanced up to 5 times over that of conventional activated sludge, thus allowing for upgrading of existing overloaded systems or for design of new process units with greatly reduced foot prints.

Material : PVA　(Polyvinyl alcohol)
4 mm spherical beads having a specific gravity of 1.025.
One PVA-gel bead can hold up to 1 billion microorganisms. *
(* depending on operating conditions)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization
(FISH) method

Bacteria multiply toward the core of PVA-gel beads.